Hepatitis b is caused by the hepatitis b virus, which is spread in the blood of an infected person. Inflammation is swelling that occurs when tissues of the body become injured or infected. The perinatal hepatitis b prevention program phbpp was established in 1990 by cdc. Sep 09, 2019 hepatitis b candice robinson, md, mph, communications and education branch ceb, immunization services division isd, national center for immunization and respiratory diseases ncird download recording right click zip file to save this is a rerecording of the original event. It has been shown that tenofovir treatment, a potent na, complements. Often these symptoms last a few weeks and rarely does. Hepatitis b virus hbv infects more than 300 million people worldwide and is a common cause of liver disease and liver cancer. Hav hepatitis a virus antihbc hepatitis b core antibody antihbe hepatitis b eantibody antihbs hepatitis b surface antibody hbeag hepatitis b eantigen hbig hepatitis b immune globulin hbv hepatitis b virus hbsag hepatitis b surface antigen hcc hepatocellular carcinoma hcp healthcare provider hcv hepatitis c virus hev hepatitis e virus. This series will combine aspects of both training on the epidemiology of hepatitis b virus and orientation to the phbhpp in a webbased format.
Division of viral hepatitis scientific staff were asked to highlight some of the most important acute viral hepatitis data. Hepatitis b virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide. A large outbreak of hepatitis e virus genotype 1 infection. The book breaks new ground as a policy and best practices guide for newborn hepatitis b. Clinical symptoms then develop, often with a presentation similar to that of gastroenteritis or a viral respiratory infection. Superinfection of a person already infected with hbv carrier causes more rapid, severe progression than coinfection shorter arrow. Worldwide, most people with hepatitis b were infected with the virus as an infant. Hepatitis b is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv that affects the liver. Impact of comorbidities on the severity of chronic hepatitis b at presentation. Hepatitis a is always an acute, shortterm disease, while hepatitis b, c, and d are most likely to become ongoing and chronic.
The prevalence of hepatitis b virus hbv chronic carriage in subsaharan africa ranges between 3% and 22% in blood donors. Incidence rates decreased more than 95% from 1995 to 2011, then increased by 140% from 2011. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. The immunization action coalition s iac comprehensive guidebook hepatitis b.
However, due to aggressive vaccination plans, screening of blood products, and antiviral therapy, hepatitis b is now mainly a disease of the developing world. Rapid advances in the management of patients with hepatitis b virus hbv or hepatitis c virus hcv have occurred during the past several years with the availability of new treatment options and continued clinical research, making it possible for medical practitioners to improve outcomes for infected patients. But most people infected as children develop a longterm infection. Often loses its effectiveness against the hepatitis b virus. Hepatitis b medical powerpoint presentation youtube. Hepatitis d is a defective virus that requires hepatitis b to replicate and is only found with hepatitis b coinfection. Might be helpful in treating hiv coinfection in combination with tenofovir. Whoeurope presentation on viral hepatitis powerpoint. Orientation and trainings have been provided to coordinators in the past in various formats and venues. May 11, 2017 tenofovir alafenamide af vemlidy, an oral prodrug of tenofovir, was developed to optimize the antiviral potency and clinical safety of the active moiety tenofovir diphosphate selective reverse transcriptase nucleotide inhibitor. Hepatitis b is a viral infection that causes liver inflammation and damage. Hbv replicates through an rna intermediate and can integrate into the host genome. Hepatitis b is the only sexually transmitted infection for which there is a protective vaccine.
In this notes area of the powerpoint, each slide contains the title with the variables selected, some contextual. It is transmitted through contact with infected blood and semen. It is a major public health issue in the united states and worldwide. Disease has symptomatic with jaundice and without jaundice and asymptomatic course. Presentation on viral hepatitis powerpoint 20 download. It usually results from exposure to a virus, but there are also nonviral forms of the disease, including hepatitis brought on by the use of certain drugs, alcohol abuse, and autoimmune disease.
Several therapeutic regimens have been developed in the past years, among which oral nucleoside. Consequences of hepatitis b and delta virus infection figure 6615. Hepatitis b session 12 centers for disease control and. National viral hepatitis action plan for 20172020 action plan uses this knowledge and these tools to prevent new infections, improve the lives of people living with viral hepatitis, and chart a course toward elimination of these public health threats. Although the disease cannot be cured effectively, disease management has been improved over the past decade. Hbv, a member of the hepadnaviridae family, is a small dna virus with unusual features similar to retroviruses. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources. Hepatitis e is usually acute but can be particularly dangerous in. Hepatitis a has been a vaccine preventable disease since the hepatitis a vaccine first became available in 1995.
Most people who get hepatitis b can get rid of the virus on their own, but others can develop chronic hepatitis b. Hepatitis b virus hbv, the causative agent of btype hepatitis in humans, is the type member of the hepadnaviridae, hepatotropic dna viruses that replicate via reverse transcription. In acute infection, some may develop a rapid onset of sickness with vomiting, yellowish skin, tiredness, dark urine and abdominal pain. This left 108 72% discarded cases with no alternative aetiology. Slides on the management of patients with chronic hepatitis b. In adults, hepatitis b infection is most commonly selflimiting, with less than 5% progressing to chronic state, and 20 to 30% of those chronically infected developing cirrhosis or liver cancer. Jake liang liver diseases section, national institute of diabetes and digestive and kidney diseases niddk, national institutes of health nih, bethesda, maryland. Deltavirus d requires the presence of hepatitis b virus hbv infection. You may print the slides onto overhead transparencies if you do not have powerpoint. Transient infections run a course of several months, and chronic infections are often lifelong. The introduction of potent nucleostide analogues nas to suppress viral replication represented a giant leap in the control of this disease. Ppt hepatitis b virus powerpoint presentation free to.
Hbv clinical management international association of providers of. Several therapeutic regimens have been developed in the past years, among which oral. Machinelearning based patient classification using hepatitis. Hepatitis b and hepatitis c are the most common types of viral hepatitis in the united states, and can cause serious health problems, including liver failure and liver cancer. Hepatitis a is an acute infection that can result in mild illness or be severe enough to result in hospitalization or, in rare cases, death. In a preliminary study, carriers of hepatitis b virus were treated with a preparation of the plant phyllanthus amarus for 30 days. Chronic hepatitis b virus hbv infection is a global public health issue.
Roughly one third of the global population has been infected with hbv, and approximately 350 million are chronic carriers. Treatment cessation of entecavir in asian patients with hepatitis b e antigen negative chronic hepatitis b. They are very microscopic, you need a very enhanced microscope to even see a glance of them here are some photos of hepatitis on food. Listed below are several additional links to web sites applicable to the case. Causes, symptoms, and treatment medical news today. What hospitals need to do to protect newborns is a complete resource for helping hospitals and birthing centers establish, implement, and optimize their birth dose policies.
Reaching all children with at least 3 doses of hepatitis b vaccine should be the standard for all national immunization programmes. Hepatitis is a disease caused by inflammation of the liver. Unlike some forms of hepatitis, hepatitis b is also not. A few examples of complications of chronic hepatitis include a buildup of scar tissue on the liver severe fibrosis, cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Your liver helps your body digest the food you eat and store energy. Many people have no symptoms during the initial infection.
It has been shown that tenofovir treatment, a potent na. In the case of hepatitis b, it can take a full four months for symptoms to fully resolve. Two discarded cases also tested positive for hepatitis c, two tested positive for west nile virus infection and one for rift valley fever infection. Dec 25, 2012 hepatitis b medical powerpoint presentation medicaldump. A novel hepatitis b virus hbv genetic element with rev response elementlike properties that is essential for expression of hbv gene products. Usually does not result in longterm chronic infection. Characterization of the viral genome and the structures and functions. The adobe flash plugin is needed to view this content. One of the older hepatitis b drugs, so a lot is known about its safety. Mar 15, 2003 the prevalence of hepatitis b virus hbv chronic carriage in subsaharan africa ranges between 3% and 22% in blood donors.
Most adults infected with hepatitis b are able to fight off the virus and fully recover from the infection within a couple of months. Jun 12, 2017 the incubation period of hepatitis a virus hav is 27 weeks average, 28 days. Chronic infection with hepatitis b virus hbv is a major risk factor for the development of advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc. Chronic infections can lead to liver failure with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Table 3 factors in the disease outcome with chronic hepatitis b 10. The many millions of people around the world who become hbv carriers are a constant source. Machinelearning based patient classification using. The incubation period of hepatitis a virus hav is 27 weeks average, 28 days. Get started right now by watching this free video presentation. Hepatitis b virus rna element that facilitates accumulation of surface gene transcripts in the cytoplasm. Offtherapy durability of response to entecavir therapy in hepatitis b e antigennegative chronic hepatitis b patients. In some instances the information is the same or similar to what you have already seen, but may be presented in a different style or format. Surveillance for viral hepatitis united states, 2017.
Frequency and load of hepatitis b virus dna in firsttime. Its a common infection worldwide and is usually spread from infected pregnant women to their babies, or from childtochild contact. The book breaks new ground as a policy and best practices guide for newborn hepatitis b immunization. Acute hepatitis b definition acute hepatitis b is an infectious disease caused by hepatitis b virus, which developes within 6 months after entering virus to the organizm. Chronic hepatitis b virus hbv infection is a dynamic state of interactions. It can cause scarring of the organ, liver failure, and cancer.
Many viruses cause infections that can be spread from person to person. Many patients with chb have variable degrees of functional renal impairment, and approximately 2 to 15% of patients on hemodialysis have chb. Hepatitis b is a viral infection transmissible through the exchange of various bodily fluids. In two identically designed, ongoing, multinational trials in treatmentnaive and experienced adult patients with hepatitis b e antigen hbeagpositive or. The risk of hepatitis b virus infection by transfusion in. This is known as chronic hepatitis b, and can lead to cirrhosis and. The best known example of a hepatitis flare in relation to drug therapy is the one. Hepatitis b virus is a partly doublestranded dna virus with several serological markers. Hepatitis b virus hbv, the causative agent of b type hepatitis in humans, is the type member of the hepadnaviridae, hepatotropic dna viruses that replicate via reverse transcription. Hepatitis ppt free download as powerpoint presentation.
Introduction viral hepatitis, refers to infections that affect the liver and are caused by viruses. Hepatitis b is a germ virus that gets into your body and attacks your liver. Dec 11, 2019 chronic infection with hepatitis b virus hbv is a major risk factor for the development of advanced liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc. Some subjects have been followed for up to 9 months. Robbie ferrand here are some pictures of the hepatitis virus up close. Hepatitis b virus biology microbiology and molecular. Rapid advances in the management of patients with hepatitis b virus hbv or hepatitis c virus hcv have occurred during the past several years with the availability of new treatment options and continued clinical research, making it possible for medical. Hbsag and antihbs, hbeag and antihbe, and antihbc igm and igg. Rna viruses rna viruses 6 28 7 7 7 26 26 26 hepatitis a virus hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus hepatitis b virus is unusual among animal viruses in that. Hepatitis b is a serious and common infectious diseases of the liver, affecting millions of people throughout the world. Not only does viral hepatitis carry a high morbidity, but it also stresses medical resources and can have severe economic consequences.
Progressive inflammation of the liver can have severe and even lifethreatening repercussions. We use your linkedin profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. Ppt hepatitis b virus powerpoint presentation free to download id. Hepatitis b is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis b virus hbv. More discarded cases tested positive for hepatitis b infection 17142, 12% compared to confirmed cases 396, 3. Hepatitis b virus hbv is a doublestranded dna virus belonging to the family of hepadnaviruses. Seroprevalence of hepatitis e virus in autoimmune hepatitis patients in the netherlands. Chronic hepatitis b virus chb infection is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma hcc worldwide. Those at risk for getting hepatitis b should get vaccinated. The most common signs and symptoms include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, fever, hepatomegaly, jaundice, dark urine, anorexia, and rash. Hepatitis b virus hbv infection is a worldwide disease associated with. In rare cases, it can be spread through unprotected sex and injecting drugs. Summary hepadnaviruses hepatitis b viruses cause transient and chronic infections of the liver. Hepatitis b training presentation for health workers.
The severe pathological consequences of persistent hbv infections include the development of chronic hepatic insufficiency, cirrhosis and hepato cellular carcinoma hcc. Hepatitis b candice robinson, md, mph, communications and education branch ceb, immunization services division isd, national center for immunization and respiratory diseases ncird download recording right click zip file to save this is a rerecording of the original event. The goal of the texas perinatal hepatitis b summit is to bring those with information and expertise on this issue together to share, discuss, and recommend strategies to prevent and decrease the incidence of hepatitis b transmission, and improve the care of those at risk for perinatal hepatitis b. Mar 15, 2017 chronic hepatitis b virus hbv infection is a global public health issue. In this notes area of the powerpoint, each slide contains the title with the variables selected, some contextual information, and links to additional data and information on the topic.
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